It’s a wonder I can think at all

Time again for Hack’s Back Pages to administer a test of your ability to remember song lyrics!

This time, you’re going to be ruminating over lyrics written by the great Paul Simon, one of the finest songwriters this country has ever produced. From simple beginnings as an introspective folk singer with Art Garfunkel through his diverse early solo work and on through the wonderful South African roots music of “Graceland”, Simon has penned some of the most precise, poignant, whimsical and memorable lyrics the pop charts have ever seen.

I have divided the lyrics into Easy, Medium and Challenging sections, depending on the song’s popularity and which line of the lyrics I chose to single out. I’m betting most of you will breeze through the Easy, identify many of the Medium and even pick out a Challenging one or two.

Get yourself a pencil and paper to write down your guesses as you go. Then you can scroll down to find the answers and read a little bit about each song. Finally, check out the Spotify list to hear the songs you remembered and those you didn’t.

Get into the zone and focus. You’ve got this!

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EASY

  1. “Your time has come to shine, /All your dreams are on their way…”

2. “The answer is easy if you take it logically, /I’d like to help you in your struggle to be free…”

3. “And she said, ‘Honey, take me dancing,’ /But they ended up by sleeping in a doorway, by the bodegas and the lights on Upper Broadway…”

4. “And all my words come back to me in shades of mediocrity, /Like emptiness in harmony, I need someone to comfort me…”

5. “They give us those nice bright colors, they give us the greens of summers, /Makes you think all the world’s a sunny day…”

6. “Look around you, all you see are sympathetic eyes, /Stroll around the grounds until you feel at home…”

7. “The papa said, ‘Oy, if I get that boy, /I’m gonna stick him in the house of detention,’ /Well, I’m on my way, I don’t know where I’m going…”

8. When I was grown to be a man, and the Devil would call my name, /I’d say, ‘Now, who do … Who do you think you’re fooling?’…”

9. “People talking without speaking, people hearing without listening, /People writing songs that voices never share…”

10. “Mr. Beerbelly, Beerbelly, get these mutts away from me, /You know, I don’t find this stuff amusing anymore…”

MEDIUM

11. “She said the man in the gabardine suit was a spy, /I said, ‘Be careful, his bowtie is really a camera’…”

12. “Flying my bike past the gates of the factory, /My mom doing the laundry, hanging our shirts in the dirty breeze…”

13. “Then I learned to play some lead guitar, /I was underage in this funky bar, /And I stepped outside to smoke myself a ‘J’…”

14. “The monkeys stand for honesty, giraffes are insincere, /And the elephants are kindly but they’re dumb…”

15. “I am shielded in my armor, /Hiding in my room, safe within my womb, /I touch no one and no one touches me…”

16. “Some people never say the words ‘I love you,’ /It’s not their style to be so bold, /Some people never say those words ‘I love you,’ /But like a child, they’re longing to be told…”

17. “I got up to wash my face, /When I come back to bed, someone’s taken my place…”

18. “Asking only workman’s wages, I come looking for a job, /But I get no offers, /Just a come-on from the whores on Seventh Avenue…”

19. “The Mississippi Delta was shining like a National guitar, /I am following the river, down the highway through the cradle of the Civil War…”

20. “Ahhh, seasons change with the scenery, /Weaving time in a tapestry, /Won’t you stop and remember me?…”

CHALLENGING

21. “They echo and they swell from Tolstoy to Tinker Bell, /Down from Berkeley to Carmel…”

22. “These are the days of miracle and wonder, /And don’t cry, baby, don’t cry, don’t cry…”

23. “Couple in the next room, bound to win a prize, they been going at it all night long…”

24. “I get the news I need on the weather report, /Hey, I got nothing to do today but smile…”

25. “It was the year of The Beatles, it was the year of The Stones, /It was 1964, /I was living in London with the girl from the summer before…”

26. “Lost in their overcoats, waiting for the sunset, /The sounds of the city sifting through trees…”

27. “August, die she must, /The autumn winds blow chilly and cold, /September, I’ll remember…”

28. “I never been laid so low in such a mysterious way, /And the course of a lifetime runs over and over again…”

29. “What a dream I had, pressed in organdy, /Clothed in crinoline of smoky burgundy, /Softer than the rain…”

30. “I’m not the kind of man who tends to socialize, /I seem to lean on old familiar ways…”

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ANSWERS

EASY:

1. “Bridge Over Troubled Water,” 1970

The biggie, the biggest international #1 song of 1970. At its core, “Bridge” is a gospel song — “I envisioned Aretha Franklin singing it,” Simon said — and with Larry Knechtel on piano and Garfunkel turning in a spectacular lead vocal, it soars like nothing else Simon ever wrote. He claims it’s the song he is most proud of, out of a catalog of roughly 170 tunes.

2. “50 Ways to Leave Your Lover,” 1975

Simon was in the process of divorce with his first wife as he was writing songs for his “Still Crazy After All These Years” album, and although most of the tunes were downbeat, this one took a more humorous approach to the whole breaking-up process. In the middle of the disco era, this single defied the odds by reaching #1 on the US charts in early 1976. (By the way, Simon mentions only five ways to leave your lover.)

3. “Diamonds on the Soles of Her Shoes,” 1986

Simon had visited South Africa in 1985 to immerse himself in the engaging rhythms of the indigenous music there. He brought some of the musicians back to the US with him to record, most notably the vocal group Ladysmith Black Mambazo, who dazzled everyone with their vocals and dance routine when they performed with Simon on a memorable episode of “Saturday Night Live.”

4. “Homeward Bound,” 1966

The follow-up single to “The Sound of Silence” proved Simon and Garfunkel were far from “one-hit wonders.” He’d written the song while living in England in 1965, homesick for his girl and more familiar surroundings. The literary references and mature vocabulary were uncommon for the pop charts, but typical of the kind of songs Simon was writing at the time.

5. “Kodachrome,” 1973

Simon traveled to Muscle Shoals, Alabama to record this song with the extraordinary studio musicians there. In particular, keyboardist Barry Beckett really shines on this recording, playing tack piano like a man possessed. Simon said he had originally called the song “Goin’ Home,” which felt too conventional, so he switched it to “Kodachrome,” a color-saturated Kodak film that makes drab scenes look artificially bright and colorful, much like society’s penchant for glossing over ugly truths.

6. “Mrs. Robinson,” 1968

There she is, the tempting cougar as played by Anne Bancroft in “The Graduate.” Simon had only written the chorus when Director Mike Nichols heard it, but since he was on a tight deadline, Nichols used only that short fragment. Simon finished the song a couple months after the movie’s release, and it went to #1 that long hot summer of ’68. The line “A nation turns its lonely eyes to you” seemed to reassure us after the assassinations that occurred that spring.

7. “Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard,” 1972

The lyrics to this infectious single from Simon’s debut album tell a rather vague story about two boys who have broken the law (the exact crime is never mentioned) but are subsequently released and end up on the cover of Newsweek. Simon has said the story is “just a fiction, a whimsical pop song,” but its popularity has made it a highlight in Simon’s concerts for decades since its release.

8. “Loves Me Like a Rock,” 1973

Simon brought in numerous additional musicians for the diverse music he wrote for the “There Goes Rhymin’ Simon” album. For this joyous gospel single, which reached #2 in the US, the impeccable voices of the New Orleans vocal group The Dixie Hummingbirds dominate the proceedings, singing in counterpart to Simon’s lead vocal.

9. “The Sound of Silence,” 1965

The song that got the ball rolling for Simon. He wrote it in 1963 and recorded it in acoustic form with Garfunkel for their debut album “Wednesday Morning 3 AM” in 1964, but the album was a commercial dud. Still, the song got some notice on college radio and, unbeknownst to Simon, Columbia Records producer Tom Wilson remixed the track with electric guitar and drums to capitalize on the burgeoning “folk rock” genre. It rocketed to #1 in early 1966 and put the duo on the map.

10. “You Can Call Me Al,” 1986

Simon and his pal Chevy Chase put together a hilarious music video for this upbeat single from “Graceland,” in which Chase mouths the lyrics while Simon sits quietly, then brings in various instruments to mimic playing at appropriate moments. The track peaked at #23 in the US but went Top Five in the UK and parts of Europe.

MEDIUM:

11. “America,” 1968

This is the first track that showed Simon had matured into a writer of great emotional and musical depth. It’s a snapshot of a young couple who “walked off to look for America,” unsure of what they’ll find in a tempestuous time (1968). It’s the highlight of the “Bookends” album, a real tour de force, but inexplicably stiffed when released as a single.

12. “My Little Town,” 1975

After five years apart, Simon and Garfunkel reunited in 1975 to record “My Little Town,” which was released simultaneously on Simon’s “Still Crazy” album and Garfunkel’s “Breakaway” LP. They also performed together on the initial season of “Saturday Night Live.” The song reached #9, helping sales of both albums. Fans hoped the duo would reunite long-term, but it proved to be short-lived…although they would reunite for tours multiple times in the ensuing years.

13. “Late in the Evening,” 1980

Simon starred in and wrote the music for the art film “One Trick Pony,” a dour look at the life of an aging pop star as he still lives most of his life on the tour doing shows while his relationships suffer. This track is the most upbeat of the bunch, describing the high he gets from performing to an enthusiastic crowd. It peaked at #6 on the pop charts, thanks to a lively arrangement with a commanding bass line and horn section.

14. “At the Zoo,” 1967

Simon wrote this little ditty to be used in the zoo scene in “The Graduate,” but the director turned it down. The duo released it as a single, which peaked at #16, and was later used by various zoos in their advertising campaigns. Simon wryly assigns character traits to the various animals, and urges everyone to make the “light and tumble journey” to visit their local zoo.

15. “I Am a Rock,” 1966

This testament to isolation and loneliness might be difficult to bear if it weren’t set to a lively rock beat. It was the duo’s third single, following the brooding quietude of “The Sound of Silence” and the homesickness of “Homeward Bound” (both also set to a rock arrangement). It peaked at #3, their third consecutive Top Five appearance. Simon later found the song “a bit too depressing” and rarely included it in his concert set list.

16. “Something So Right,” 1973

“There Goes Rhymin’ Simon,” Simon’s second solo LP, overflows with happy, effervescent songs. He seems happier than he’s ever been, particularly on this beautiful piece, in which he can’t believe things are going so well for him. Ironically, less than two years later, he was writing songs about splitting up. In 1995, British singer Annie Lennox recorded a gorgeous cover version on her “Medusa” album.

17. “Cecilia,” 1970

That’s producer Roy Halee on the left in the above photo. He was instrumental in bringing out the duo’s best sounds and arrangements on their final two albums, both of which were phenomenally popular. “Cecilia” uses random percussion — pots, pans, drumsticks on tabletops — to give the song a certain primitive feel. It went all the way to #4 as the follow-up single to “Bridge” in 1970.

18. “The Boxer,” 1969

Easily one of Simon’s top five songs of all time. The “lie-la-lie” chorus was supposed to be a placeholder until he could come up with lyrics that fit, but he eventually decided to keep it as is. “No matter what language you speak, you can sing ‘lie-la-lie,'” he said. The producer used a snare drum inside an elevator shaft to make the gunshot sound you hear during the choruses.

19. “Graceland,” 1986

“I was taking a trip with my son after my second marriage ended, and one of the stops we made was in Memphis to see Elvis’s homestead,” Simon recalled about the lyrics to the song that would also become the album title to his massively successful 1986 LP. Five South African musicians and The Everly Brothers contributed instrumentation and vocals to the recording, and it ended up winning the Record of the Year Grammy.

20. “A Hazy Shade of Winter,” 1966

This modest hit for S&G in the fall of 1966 uncannily captures the feeling of November afternoons when it feels as if it’s about to snow. It’s one of the first of their songs to receive a more complex arrangement. The Bangles recorded a rocked-up version 20 years later that reached #2 on the charts.

CHALLENGING:

21. “Cloudy,” 1966

I always thought this track from the “Parsley Sage Rosemary & Thyme” album captured S&G at their most innocent and childlike. Its lyrics are consistent with Simon’s themes of angst and isolation, but the music is upbeat and hopeful.

22. “The Boy in the Bubble,” 1986

The leadoff track on Simon’s astounding “Graceland” album features synthesizers, accordion and prominent African drums to discuss the strange new world of the 1980s, “the days of miracle and wonder” when violence can happen anywhere but new medicines are giving hope for those with previously incurable conditions.

23. “Duncan,” 1972

This wonderful little “story song” from his debut solo LP uses playful, mischievous language in six short verses to tell the tale of a man who leaves home, takes a trip “down the Turnpike for New England” and loses his innocence to a young woman he hears preaching in a parking lot. Curiously, Simon ignored the song for years but revived it for his final concerts in 2018.

24. “The Only Living Boy in New York,” 1970

From the “Bridge Over Troubled Water” album, this favorite track of mine finds Simon alone in New York City working on the duo’s next album while Garfunkel spent six months on the set of the film “Catch-22” in Mexico. He is trying to be understanding but is very frustrated by his partner’s absence.

25. “The Late Great Johnny Ace,” 1983

On “The Late Great Johnny Ace,” from his vastly underrated “Hearts and Bones” album, Simon pays tribute to a moderately successful ’50s rocker but then goes on to recall the awful night another “Johnny Ace” — John Lennon — was shot and killed in 1980. The song was first performed at S&G’s “The Concert in Central Park” in 1981.

26. “Old Friends,” 1968

For their 1968 LP “Bookends,” Simon wrote a song cycle that examines different stages of life. The declining years are captured poignantly on “Old Friends,” describing two men in their ’70s passing the days on a park bench. It later became the title of the duo’s 2004 tour and live LP.

27. “April Come She Will,” 1966

One of his simplest and prettiest songs, this track appears on “The Sounds of Silence” album and also was used on the soundtrack of “The Graduate.”

28. “Mother and Child Reunion,” 1972

Simon had been to Jamaica and was charmed by the reggae music he heard, so he thought he’d take a stab at writing a song with reggae rhythms. He always felt it fell short of what he was aiming for, but as the first single from his debut solo album, it was well received by critics and fans alike, reaching #4 in the US and the UK. “It’s a rather brave attempt at trying something very new to me, which is something I’ve continued to do throughout my career,” Simon said.

29. “For Emily, Whenever I May Find Her,” 1966

This gorgeous song, about a woman Simon knew in England but lost track of, appeared on the “Parsley Sage Rosemary & Thyme” LP. It’s one of the few where Garfunkel sings alone without harmony (with Simon accompanying on guitar as usual). A live version was included on the 1972 “Simon & Garfunkel’s Greatest Hits” package.

30. “Still Crazy After All These Years,” 1975

This tune is among several from the Grammy-winning album of the same name that explore the dissolution of Simon’s first marriage. It takes a look at the detached feelings one goes through when the relationship is no longer working and you’re just going through the motions. It didn’t do much as a single, but Simon drew laughs when he performed some of it on “Saturday Night Live” while wearing a turkey costume.

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Here’s a Spotify list of all 30 songs so you can remind yourself, or hear for the first time, the best of Simon’s impressive body of work.

Gone but not forgotten

Whew! We made it. 2020, the most disruptive year most of us can ever remember, is now history. January 1, 2021 is really just another day, and things aren’t going to suddenly change for the better overnight. But we can hope that gradually, inexorably, life just may head towards some semblance of “normal.” We’d all like to congregate, and hug each other, and see live music performances, and try to be kinder and less antagonistic toward each other (regardless of which way we voted), and the odds look good we’ll achieve these things.

There’s one task left, though. In addition to the hundreds of thousands of Americans (and too many citizens of other countries) who died of the coronavirus, there were a few dozen luminaries of the rock and pop music community who passed away in 2020. Hack’s Back Pages would like to pay tribute to them, in our own small way, with this “In Memoriam” feature. There’s a robust playlist at the end to remind you of the fine music these folks made.

Rest in peace, all you musicians who brought us joy through the years.

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Richard Penniman, known far and wide as Little Richard, died May 9 at age 87. Long regarded as one the true pioneers of rock and roll music, he co-wrote and sang some of the first and best rock songs ever recorded — “Tutti Frutti,” “Good Golly Miss Molly,” “Long Tall Sally,” “Rip It Up,” “Lucille,” “Keep A-Knockin’.” He was also a trailblazer of rock’s tradition of outrageous appearance and performance. For an in-depth tribute to Little Richard, see “On bended knee, I beg you not to go.” https://hackbackpages.com/2020/05/15/on-bended-knees-i-beg-you-not-to-go/

Eddie Van Halen, lead guitarist of the band that bears his name, died October 6 at age 65. Van Halen became one of the most successful U.S. rock bands of the 1980s, in large part due to Eddie’s superhuman skills on the frets. Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of younger guitarists worship at the altar of Eddie, inspired by his sheer joy of performing and recording all those great hard rock licks on tracks like “Panama,” “Unchained,” “Jump” and “Dance the Night Away.” For an in-depth tribute to Van Halen, see “Hot shoe, burnin’ down the avenue.” https://hackbackpages.com/2020/10/09/hot-shoe-burnin-down-the-avenue/

Peter Green, founder, guitarist and vocalist of Fleetwood Mac, died July 25 at age 73. He was a distinguished alumni of John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, where he met drummer Mick Fleetwood and bassist John McVie and teamed up with them to form Fleetwood Mac. This early version of the group, heard on “Fleetwood Mac,” “Mr. Wonderful” and “Then Play On,” recorded some of the best blues to ever come out of Britain. Later in life, he recorded many captivating solo albums that continued his enviable legacy. For an in-depth tribute to Green, see “Shall I tell you about my life?” https://hackbackpages.com/2020/07/31/shall-i-tell-you-about-my-life/

Charlie Daniels, premier fiddle player and a pioneer of Southern rock, died July 6 at age 83. Daniels was universally admired for his superb abilities on fiddle, guitar, banjo and mandolin, and as a vocalist and songwriter. Best known for his #3 pop hit “The Devil Went Down to Georgia,” The Charlie Daniels Band toured relentlessly in the ’70s and ’80s and released a dozen consistently strong albums that attracted a faithful audience. For an in-depth tribute to Daniels and his band, see “Rosin up your bow and play your fiddle hard.” https://hackbackpages.com/2020/07/10/rosin-up-your-bow-and-play-your-fiddle-hard/

John Prine, one of the finest lyricists of all time, died April 7 at age 73. Prine wrote simple country songs and sang them with a gruff honesty, but it was the wise, economical words he came up with that left people speechless, even other celebrated songwriters like Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell. While not commercially successful, he left behind an amazing catalog of songs (“Sour Grapes,” “Dear Abby,” “In Spite of Ourselves”) that I urge you to check out. For an-depth tribute to Prine, see “Ain’t the afterlife grand?” https://hackbackpages.com/2020/04/10/aint-the-afterlife-grand/

Neil Peart, drummer extraordinaire for Rush, died January 6 at age 67. As Canada’s entry in the progressive rock genre, Rush offered bold, experimental rock opuses and synth-driven mainstream rock that attracted enormous audiences in the ’70s and ’80s. The tight-knit community of rock drummers recognizes Peart as one of the half-dozen best to ever pick up a set of drumsticks, which is evident on tracks ranging from “A Farewell to Kings” to “The Anarchist.” For an in-depth tribute to Peart and Rush, see “Catch the mystery, catch the drift.” https://hackbackpages.com/2020/01/31/rush-catch-the-mystery-catch-the-drift/

Kenny Rogers, one of the biggest-selling artists of all time, died March 20 at age 81. He was best known for his voluminous catalog of country music successes (“The Gambler,” “Lucille”) but had many crossover pop hits as well, often in duets with other established artists (Lionel Richie, Dolly Parton, Sheena Easton). Early in his career, Rogers even wrote a psychedelic rock hit, “Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In),” with his first band, The First Edition.

Bill Withers, one of the smoothest R&B singers of the 1970s, died March 30 at age 81. Withers got a relatively late start in the music business but he burst forth with a King Midas touch. His first three singles all went gold. His debut, “Ain’t No Sunshine,” won a Grammy in 1971; “Lean on Me” was the #1 song in the country in July 1972, and “Use Me,” another track from his “Still Bill” album of that year, reached #2. His collaboration with Grover Washington, “Just the Two of Us,” went Top Ten in 1981

Tommy DeVito, who died September 20 at age 92, was lead guitarist and backing singer for The Four Seasons, one of the most successful vocal groups of all time. Despite some personal demons that took him out of the lineup for a spell, DeVito nevertheless played an instrumental part of the group’s widespread appeal, which came through on hits like “Rag Doll,” “Sherry,” “Let’s Hang On” and “Workin’ My Way Back to You.”

Johnny Nash, who helped introduce reggae music to the U.S. market, died October 6 at age 80. Born in Texas, Nash had a number of minor pop hits as a Johnny Mathis-type crooner in the late ’50s and early ’60s before going on to become the first non-Jamaican to have success with reggae music (the #5 hit “Hold Me Tight” in 1968). He is best known for the enormous #1 hit “I Can See Clearly Now” in 1972.

Spencer Davis, whose group that bears his name played a key role in the ’60s “British Invasion,” died on October 19 at age 81. With future Traffic founder Steve Winwood on keyboards and vocals, the Spencer Davis Group reached the top of the charts in the UK with “Keep On Running” and “Somebody Help Me.” In 1966-67, the band had back-to-back Top Ten hits in the US with “Gimme Some Lovin'” and “I’m a Man.” Davis moved to California in the ’70s and became a denizen of Catalina Island for 40 years.

Ken Henseley, guitarist/keyboardist/singer/songwriter for Uriah Heep, died November 4 at age 75. Henseley was part of the classic lineup of the hard rock band that recorded its best known albums, “Demons and Wizards,” “The Magician’s Birthday,” “Sweet Freedom,” “Wonderworld” and “Return to Fantasy” (1972-1977). It was his adventurous work on keyboards that made radio-friendly songs like “Easy Livin'” and “Lady in Black” so popular.

Leslie West, guitarist of the hard rock group Mountain, died December 22 at age 75. A devotee of the bless/jazz trio Cream, West assembled his own trio in 1969, performing at Woodstock, and then released two moderately successful LPs, “Mountain Climbing!” and “Nantucket Sleighride,” including their signature tune, “Mississippi Queen.” West later formed West, Bruce & Laing with Cream bassist/vocalist Jack Bruce and drummer Corky Laing.

Helen Reddy, pop singer and actress, died September 29 at age 78. Born into an Australian show-business family, Reddy was groomed for stardom but rebelled against that path for most of her teen years. She emerged stronger and more independent, and at age 30 came up with “I Am Woman,” a #1 song that became a bellwether of the women’s movement of the 1970s. She had eight more Top Twenty hits including “Delta Dawn” and “Angie Baby.”

Mac Davis, songwriter and singer who also made his mark in acting, died September 29 at age 78. In the late ’60s and early ’70s, Davis wrote songs that others made famous: “In the Ghetto” for Elvis Presley, “Watching Scotty Grow” for Bobby Goldsboro and “I Believe in Music” for Gallery. He had his own #1 hit in 1972 with “Baby, Don’t Get Hooked on Me,” and recorded many successful country albums. He also hosted his own TV variety show and a dozen Christmas specials.

Bobby Lewis, a talented rock/R&B singer in the ’50s and early ’60s, died April 28 at age 95. Lewis had only two hits, but they were huge, especially “Tossin’ and Turnin’,” which was a #1 hit for an impressive seven weeks in 1961. A new generation embraced the song in 1978 when it was used in the soundtrack to “National Lampoon’s Animal House.” Lewis’s other hit, “One Track Mind,” reached #9 later in 1961.

Bonnie Pointer, one of The Pointer Sisters, died June 8 at age 69. She and her sisters June, Anita, Ruth founded their own vocal group in 1973 and had three Top 20 hits (“Yes We Can Can,” “Fairytale” and “How Long”). Bonnie went solo on Motown Records in 1977, and had a #11 hit in 1978, “Heaven Must’ve Sent You.” She only rarely reunited with her sisters, who had continued as a trio and had big successes without her in the late ’70s and 1980s.

Ronald Bell, co-founder of the hugely successful R&B group Kool & the Gang, died September 9 at age 69. Bell wore many hats in the band, including songwriter, arranger, producer, saxophonist and singer. He was responsible for writing and producing many of the band’s biggest hits on the pop charts, including “Jungle Boogie,” “Hollywood Swinging,” “Joanna,” “Cherish,” “Misled” and their timeless #1 smash, “Celebration.” The group also registered more than 25 Top Ten singles on the R&B charts in the ’70s and ’80s.

McCoy Tyner, Grammy-winning jazz pianist, died March 6 at age 82. He was a member of the original John Coltrane Quartet in the early 1960s, touring almost non-stop and recording live and studio albums with them. He recorded with many of the best jazz players in the business, including Stanley Turrentine and Freddie Hubbard. Under his own name, Tyner recorded nearly 80 albums for many different labels, and continued performing across the U.S. and Europe until his health prevented it in the 2010s.

Frederick “Toots” Hibbert, regarded as The Godfather of reggae music, died September 11 at age 77. Hibbert was the leader of the seminal reggae and ska band Toots and the Maytals, formed in Jamaica in the early 1960s, and his 1968 song “Do the Reggay” is credited as the genesis of the genre name. The band appeared in Jimmy Cliff’s film “The Harder They Come” and, later in life, Hibbert and his band won a Grammy for best reggae album in 2005.

Charley Pride, hugely successful country singer and the first Black artist to enter the Grand Ole Opry, died December 12 at age 86. He lodged more than 50 Top Ten hits on the country charts between 1967 and 1987, with 30 of them reaching #1. His first album with RCA was released with no photo, and audiences who turned up for his shows because they loved his voice were shocked to see he was Black. He was also a moderately successful minor league baseball player in the 1950s and early ’60s.

Emitt Rhodes, multi-instrumentalist and singer/songwriter, died July 19 at age 70. His brilliant self-titled pop debut LP reached #29 on the album charts in 1970 when he was only 20, but subsequent releases stalled. He fell victim to bad business dealings and grew disillusioned with recording music again until the 2010s. I consider Rhodes an overlooked wonder, a true diamond in the rough that deserves your attention.

Ruben “Benny” Mardones died June 29 at age 73. He had a pop/rock hit, “Into the Night,” which reached #11 in 1980, and then, thanks to radio station promotion, re-emerged in 1989 to reach the Top 20 a second time. He released nine albums between 1978 and 2006 but never again matched the success of the 1980 LP “Never Run, Never Hide.”

Phillip Baptiste, known professionally as Phil Phillips, died March 14 at age 94. He wrote and recorded “Sea of Love,” a #2 hit and slow-dance favorite in 1959. It was the only song he ever recorded. A version by Robert Plant and The Honeydrippers reached #3 in 1985, and Phillips’s original rendition was featured prominently in the 1989 Al Pacino-Ellen Barkin film thriller “Sea of Love.”

Leonard Baristoff, known professionally as Len Barry, died November 5 at age 78. He was the lead singer of The Dovells, the early ’60s group that had Top Ten hits like “Bristol Stomp” and “You Can’t Sit Down.” In 1965, he scored his only solo hit, “1-2-3,” which reached #2.

David Stuart Chadwick, known as Chad Stuart, one half of the ’60s British duo Chad and Jeremy, died December 20 at age 79. The twosome never clicked on their home turf, but their soft sounds made an impression with early-to-mid-’60s U.S. listeners. Their hits here included “Yesterday’s Gone,” “Willow Weep for Me” and their only Top Ten hit, “A Summer Song,” co-written by Stuart.

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